• Astrocytes play a key role in the brain as these

  2019-08-17

  

  Astrocytes play a key role in the brain, as these cells are involved in fluid, ion, pH, and neurotransmitter homeostasis, synapse function, energy and metabolism and blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance (Sofroniew and Vinters, 2010). PA is able to activate different damaging responses in astrocytes

• ROS generation is crucial for

  2019-08-17

  

  ROS generation is crucial for NETs release upon both physiological or pathogenic stimuli [16,30]. In our study, we further verified this conclusion by demonstrating that SRA stimulation by Poly I enhanced intracellular ROS levels while scavenging of ROS by anti-oxidant agents effectively abolished t

• br A brief history of RBR E s RBR E

  2019-08-17

  

  A brief history of RBR E3s RBR E3s were originally defined based on sequence alignments that predicted a tripartite motif of three zinc (Zn)-binding domains: two RING domains (RING1 and RING2) connected via an in-between-RING (IBR) domain [28], [29]. The prediction together with initial observati

• br E Ubiquitin Ligases Regulate

  2019-08-17

  

  E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Regulate Central and Peripheral T Cell Tolerance During the random process of somatic recombination, T cell receptors (TCRs; see Glossary) that recognize self-antigens are commonly generated. Notably, meticulously precise filtering mechanisms, termed tolerance, are necessary

• apremilast concentration The binding of collagen X to DDR di

  2019-08-16

  

  The binding of collagen X to DDR2 differs from the binding of collagen X to α2β1 integrin in that the triple helical conformation is essential for DDR2 binding. We previously reported that heat denatured pepsinised collagen X supported cell adhesion via α2β1, indicating that the triple-helical confo

• Two major mechanisms including apoptosis and oxidative stres

  2019-08-16

  

  Two major mechanisms including apoptosis and oxidative stress have been suggested for MTX-induced cytotoxicity (Hafez et al., 2015; Neuman et al., 1999; El-Sheikh et al., 2015). It has been reported that MTX promotes cell death via apoptosis in both cancerous and non-transformed cells (Mazur et al.,

• Survival analysis has been widely used in

  2019-08-16

  

  Survival analysis has been widely used in medical science, economics, finance, and social science, among others. In many studies, survival data have primary outcomes or responses that are subject to censoring. The Cox model [7], [8] is the most commonly used regression model for survival data, and t

• Although the control group and tinnitus

  2019-08-16

  

  Although the control group and tinnitus group do not significantly differ based on age, gender or hearing loss, a limitation of this study is that the control group is only group-matched, and not individually matched. Furthermore, we only tested hearing acuity in tinnitus patients via standard pure

• br Activatable optical imaging probes Optical fluorescence i

  2019-08-16

  

  Activatable optical imaging probes Optical fluorescence imaging, which directly detects photons emitted from fluorescent probes, has become as a powerful analytical method to study biological processes both in vitro and in vivo. It is characterized by high sensitivity, is free of radioactive irra

• The interface between the E ligase and

  2019-08-16

  

  The interface between the E3 ligase and the E2 enzyme can vary, and ZNF451 and SP-RING ligases stabilize this interaction via noncovalent binding to a scaffold SUMO (SUMOB) on the backside of the E2 (Cappadocia et al., 2015; Eisenhardt et al., 2015; Streich & Lima, 2016). By contrast, RanBP2 does no

• The quaternary structure of many of the

  2019-08-16

  

  The quaternary structure of many of the family B members (i.e., secretin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide and Natural Product Library receptors) have been actively studied and it has been demonstrated that they can form homodimers/oligomers (Gao et al., 2009; Ng & Chow, 2015; Ng, Lee, & Chow, 2013).

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Our

  2019-08-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Our previous investigation demonstrated that some genes in the latex that were involved in rubber biosynthesis were regulated by exogenous JA, and Hbvp1 is one of the JA-responsive genes in the latex of rubber trees [23]. In this study, the Hbvp1 enc

• br Funding This work was supported by grants

  2019-08-16

  

  Funding This work was supported by grants to A.S. from the Swedish Cancer Foundation, Sweden (Grant number: CAN, 2015/637), the Swedish Medical Council, Sweden (Grant number: 2017- 01274), the Foundations at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden and to KB, SRS, NC, BCS, and SS from the Royal Physiogr

• br Preparation of Recombinant Proteins br Activity Assays Th

  2019-08-16

  

  Preparation of Recombinant Proteins Activity Assays The following solvents are used in the procedures described in this section: Data Analysis Aryl radical rearrangements typically result in a large number of products being generated by Bmp7. Approaches combining mass spectrometry and NMR

• br Use of CDK inhibitors in CLL today

  2019-08-16

  

  Use of CDK inhibitors in CLL today There has been explosive development of novel therapeutics for CLL in the last decade and a massive transformation of practice is underway [75]. Most of this development and excitement revolves around B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling inhibitors: the Bruton tyrosi

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