• Another important new result that has expanded the

  2020-12-30

  

  Another important new result that has expanded the range of functions of iPLA2-VIA in physiology and pathophysiology is its implication in macrophage polarization under stimulation conditions. Ashley et al. [129] described in peritoneal macrophages from Pla2g6−/− mice that the absence of iPLA2-VIA

• A cocktail approach can detect

  2020-12-30

  

  A cocktail approach can detect the activities of multiple CYP 450 isoforms following administration of multiple CYP-specific substrates in a single experiment. Caffeine, losartan, omeprazole, dextromethorphan and midazolam are often used as substrates in “cocktail probes” of human cytochrome CYP1A2,

• Initially the E uses ATP to activate the

  2020-12-30

  

  Initially, the E1 uses ATP to activate the C-terminal glycine residue of ubiquitin prior to ligation. In the first step of E1 activation, the E1 catalyzes the adenylation of ubiquitin and pyrophosphate (PPi) release. In the second step, the E1 releases adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and a thioester b

• br General Characteristics of the

  2020-12-29

  

  General Characteristics of the Type II Dehydrogenases Alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases conduct the reaction of the rotenone-insensitive oxidation of cytosolic and mitochondrial matrix NADH and/or NADPH (Fig. 1) (Melo et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2008). They catalyze t

• br Limitations There are some limitations to

  2020-12-29

  

  Limitations There are some limitations to take into account when interpreting these results. Firstly, direct causation cannot be established in this cross-sectional study, and it may be the downstream effects of TNFα, such as increased Q-VD Oph production, which are more proximally related to co

• br Results br Discussion SDF performs essential

  2020-12-29

  

  Results Discussion SDF-1 performs essential roles in cell migration and proliferation, acts as neuromodulator; and is also involved in many pathological processes including human immunodeficiency virus infection, metastatic malignancy, and chronic inflammatory disorders (Feng et al., 1996, Li

• The aim of the present study was

  2020-12-29

  

  The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation of CRF1 and CRF2 in the alterations of the dorsal and ventral striatal dopamine release and the vertical and horizontal locomotor activity observed in rats following chronic nicotine treatment and consequent acute withdrawal. In this

• Several TERRA binding proteins have also been

  2020-12-29

  

  Several TERRA-binding proteins have also been discovered, especially telomeric duplex DNA binding proteins TRF1 and TRF2, pointing to a significant role of TERRA in more general chromosome biology [14], [20], [21]. TRF2 is a key component of Shelterin that protect chromosome termini [22]. Telomeres

• The CLC proteins in Arabidopsis

  2020-12-29

  

  The CLC proteins in Arabidopsis have been studied in some detail, and a total of seven genes (named AtCLCa-AtCLCg) have been identified (Lv et al., 2009). It is interesting that AtCLCa-AtCLCd and AtCLCg define a distinct phylogenetic branch that is closely related to eukaryotic CLCs, while the other

• A limitation of this study is the between study heterogeneit

  2020-12-29

  

  A limitation of this study is the between-study heterogeneity of the datasets analyzed. To address this heterogeneity, we used a random-effects model in our analysis. Also, only 2 of the databases provided information on sex, and as a result, the sex-specific analyses were performed with a smaller c

• EP is the major receptor

  2020-12-29

  

  EP4 is the major receptor to mediate PGE2-induced inflammatory pain. EP4 is upregulated by cl pdx in DRG neurons [16]. Intrathecal injection of the EP4 agonist produced pain responses [25]. Either systemic or local injection of EP4 antagonists relieves inflammatory pain [3], [16], [26]. However, th

• Introduction Taenia solium is the

  2020-12-29

  

  Introduction Taenia solium is the causative agent of human taeniasis/cysticercosis and porcine cysticercosis, a major health problem and a veterinary economic challenge in developing countries of Latin America, Africa, and Asia. In Mexico, approximately 500 human neurocysticercosis cases were repor

• meclofenamate br Materials and methods br Results br Discuss

  2020-12-29

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Tuberculosis is caused by the mycobacterium M. tuberculosis, a pathogen able to survive in the hostile conditions through sophisticated defence mechanisms. In an attempt to clarify some aspects of the M. tuberculosis defence mechanisms, we have inves

• EPI-001 br Discussion Electroporation is a convenient and

  2020-12-29

  

  Discussion Electroporation is a convenient and efficient way to introduce foreign material into EPI-001 [10], [16], [17], [18]. There are a lot of different protocols for transfection with electroporation. It was reported that there are several parameters that are relevant to successful electrop

• HAMI3379 DAPK is a kD Ca calmodulin CaM regulated

  2020-12-29

  

  DAPK is a 160-kD Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-regulated Ser/Thr kinase that mediates cell death. The activated forms of DAPK and DRP-1 are capable of inducing two distinct cytoplasmic events characteristic of programmed cell death, including membrane blebbing and the formation of autophagic vesicles (Inbal

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