• Some aspects of intercellular Ca wave spread are similar

  2022-02-25

  

  Some aspects of intercellular Ca2+ wave spread are similar to the phenomenon of spreading depression and associated with migraine headache [57]. These depolarization waves, followed by electrical inhibition, are evoked by transient hypoxia and other types of AP1903 injury and spread slowly across th

• Albumin is the major carrier of free fatty acids FFAs

  2022-02-24

  

  Albumin is the major carrier of free fatty acids (FFAs) in plasma [59], and harbours seven binding sites that are common to FFAs with a range of chain-lengths (C10-C18) across its three domains (Fig. 1a) [60,61]. In vitro, saturated, mono- and poly-unsaturated FFAs, with chain lengths ranging from C

• phase 3 Recent research has focused on identifying key agoni

  2022-02-24

  

  Recent research has focused on identifying key agonists and receptors mediating nutrient-induced GLP-1 and insulin secretion. The long-chain fatty phase 3 receptor GPR40 is the most abundant GPCR expressed in islet β cells and is also expressed on intestinal L-cells, where it contributes to GLP-1 r

• However at variance with the well

  2022-02-24

  

  However, at variance with the well-studied R form of FBP1 which is flat, the R state of FBP2 is diametrically different, with a perpendicular orientation of the upper and lower dimers (Barciszewski et al., 2016). The cruciform-like R state of FBP2 is stabilized by a unique hydrophobic motif called ‘

• Classical drugs target the viral

  2022-02-24

  

  Classical drugs target the viral levosimendan reverse transcriptase (RT), protease and integrase (IN) [[4], [5], [6]]. Raltegravir (ISENTRESS/MK-0518) is the prototypical integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) leading to an extremely strong reduction in viral load [7] and it has been approved f

• Taken together this study provides

  2022-02-24

  

  Taken together, this study provides the proof of concept that our novel heterologous human/rat HER2-specific T cell vaccine HuRt-TEXO, which is capable of stimulating both humoral and CTL responses leading to potent antitumor immunity through the circumvention of HER2 tolerance in double transgenic

• Our data demonstrate that cobas HCV s

  2022-02-24

  

  Our data demonstrate that cobas HCV’s performance characteristics meet these requirements, making the assay useful in the management of therapy for chronic hepatitis C. We documented that cobas HCV has the requisite LOD, measureable range (15 − 1.0E + 08 IU/mL) and precision allowing for baseline HC

• Finally a potentially effective therapeutic approach is to

  2022-02-24

  

  Finally, a potentially effective therapeutic approach is to target the LDH enzymes that mediate bidirectional conversion of pyruvate into lactate. In particular, because LDHA is the predominant isoform expressed in glycolytic tumours, an array of LDHA-targeting compounds have been proposed and valid

• To date no studies have demonstrated any

  2022-02-24

  

  To date, no studies have demonstrated any effect of obesity or inflammation on GPR109A expression in adipose tissue. Our findings demonstrate that HFD-induced obesity decreases adipose tissue GPR109A gene expression. Contradictory to our findings in adipose tissue in vivo, Digby et al. report that e

• Human GPR hGPR was originally

  2022-02-24

  

  Human GPR55 (hGPR55) was originally isolated in 1999 as an orphan GPCR with high levels of expression in human striatum (Sawzdargo et al., 1999) (Genbank accession # NM_005683.3). hGPR55 was mapped to human chromosome 2q37, and in the human CNS it is predominantly localized to the caudate, putamen,

• br Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal role of Glu

  2022-02-23

  

  Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal role of Glu transporters in the fine tuning and turnover of this excitatory amino ASP015K calls for a detailed characterization of its regulation. Several general mechanisms that modify Glu uptake activity have been described. These include transcription

• In contrast to short term

  2022-02-23

  

  In contrast to short-term effects, long-term exposure of beta cells to FFAs impairs insulin secretion and triggers apoptosis [13]. The deleterious effects of FFAs have been linked to altered glucose/fatty AZD-9291 mesylate oxidation cycle [13], decreased NADPH content [14], endoplasmic reticulum (ER

• Shikonin represents naphtoquinonic compound isolated from th

  2022-02-23

  

  Shikonin represents naphtoquinonic compound isolated from the Chinese plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon[20]. Shikonin treatment inhibits AKT and ERK signaling pathways and induces apoptosis through FOXO transcription factors and mitochondrial pathway [21], [22]. Recent results suggest inhibition of l

• Ionotropic glutamate receptors GluRs are ligand gated

  2022-02-23

  

  Ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate information processing at the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain and participate in such physiological processes as learning and memory, development and maintenance of cellular connections, and pain perceptio

• br Regulation of GCK by intrinsic conformational

  2022-02-23

  

  Regulation of GCK by intrinsic conformational dynamics GCK is a 465-residue, 52-kDa enzyme comprised of two domains, hereafter referred to as the large domain and the small domain, that are separated by a flexible hinge region. As with other proteins that adopt the hexokinase fold, substrates bin

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