• It is important to control

  2022-02-28

  

  It is important to control hyperglycaemia because it can contribute to serious complications. Hyperglycaemia can be managed by maintaining stable blood glucose levels inside the normal range. This can be achieved by various strategies such as diet, medications and exercise (O’Keefe & Bell, 2007). Se

• There are two ways to

  2022-02-28

  

  There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty mCAP transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36 is responsible for u

• phospholipase inhibitor Interruption of glucagon signaling p

  2022-02-28

  

  Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucagon receptor (GCGR) by gene knockout, antisense oligonucleotides or specific antagonists induces α-cell hyperplasia and alleviates hyperglycemia and other metabolic symptoms in diabetic animals and patients [[7], [8], [9]]. Here we used a ful

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Although

  2022-02-28

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Although homologues of the β-galactosidase gene were known to exist in the Xenopus genome, and SA-β-gal activity has been detected in whole-mount Xenopus embryos by histochemical staining (Davaapil et al., 2017), no reports have been presented so far

• Introduction galactosidase d galactoside galactohydrolase

  2022-02-28

  

  Introduction β-galactosidase (β-d-galactoside galactohydrolase or lactase; EC 3.2.1.23) is an important type of glycoside hydrolase that can catalyze the conversion of lactose to Nitrendipine and galactose. Furthermore, it can also catalyze transglycosylation reactions, which are usually used for

• It has been reported that the pathway

  2022-02-28

  

  It has been reported that the pathway upstream of YAP phosphorylation is operative in a tissue or context-specific manner. LPA or S1P bound to their corresponding membrane GPCRs and act through Rho GTPases to activate YAP/TAZ [11]. Consistently, another report showed that activation of PAR1 (a GPCR)

• PKC does not however directly

  2022-02-28

  

  PKC does not, however, directly stimulate secretion by initiating calcium influx into the cell [51]. Work from multiple groups measuring calcium currents has shown that PMA alone or coupled with glucose does not modulate intracellular calcium influx [34], [51], [52], [53]. Instead of contributing to

• The above mentioned studies are especially important since t

  2022-02-28

  

  The above-mentioned studies are especially important since the structural alterations of the peritoneum during peritoneal dialysis are very similar to vascular and tissue alteration seen in diabetes. The tissue alterations during long-term peritoneal dialysis include a thickening and replication of

• This crosstalk may be responsible for

  2022-02-28

  

  This crosstalk may be responsible for the beneficial effects of histamine H2 receptor inverse agonists on SB-505124 hydrochloride pathologies and may also explain unwanted effects of these drugs on other tissues. In this way, Allen et al. reported an anaphylactoid reaction following cessation of hi

• Recently the spectrin cytoskeleton a deformable actin associ

  2022-02-28

  

  Recently, the spectrin cytoskeleton, a deformable actin-associated network, has been identified as a modulator of Yki function, potentially acting both apically and basally in different cell types [75•, 76•, 77•]. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including regulation via Crb/Ex tethering [], t

• Furthermore we also found that

  2022-02-28

  

  Furthermore, we also found that both activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes occurred in HBV oval cells, which showed opposite pattern in HBV hepatocytes. These genes might take part in neoplastic transformation of oval cells induced by HBV regarding the multipotent role o

• br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki

  2022-02-28

  

  Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Makoto Nakanishi, Yoshikazu Johmura, Yuki Okada, Yoshinori Makino, Takashi Sutani, and Katsuhiko Shirahige for kindly providing materials and technical information, Shiho Takahashi-Kariyazono for technical advice, and all members

• In addition to understanding the GEF GAP cycle

  2022-02-28

  

  In addition to understanding the GEF-GAP cycle regulating Rho-family GTPases, studies have continued to address the role of the Rho-GDIs, which binds to the geranylgeranyl tail to sequester Rho-family GTPases from interacting with lipid membranes, preventing their activation. Whilst it would be temp

• br Rho family GTPases are

  2022-02-28

  

  Rho-family GTPases are molecular switches; most which cycle from an ‘on’ GTP bound state to an ‘off’ GDP bound state, driven by GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) and GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) respectively. Association with lipid membranes through a lipid (farnesyl or geranylgerany

• Bupivacaine is one of the local anesthetics commonly used

  2022-02-26

  

  Bupivacaine is one of the local anesthetics commonly used in spinal anesthesia. Previous studies had shown that bupivacaine induced neuronal apoptosis and axon degeneration among various neuronal populations in spinal cord, such as sciatic nerves and dorsal root Fucoidan (DRG) neurons [5], [6], [7]

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