• Most hexokinases are widely expressed but distinct

  2022-07-01

  

  Most hexokinases are widely expressed but distinct hexokinases predominate specific tissues (Katzen and Schimke, 1965, Rogers et al., 1975). Hexokinase I is found in all mammalian tissues, but is most abundant in the 7340 receptor and kidney (griffin et al., 1992). Hexokinase II is the primary hexok

• Introduction Heme is an important small molecule and

  2022-07-01

  

  Introduction Heme is an important small molecule and an essential cofactor for a variety of enzymes (George, 1948; Morrison and Stotz, 1954; Maehly, 1952; Igo et al., 1961). During cellular respiration, heme populates cytochromes and serves as an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (M

• br Conclusion The present study provides evidence

  2022-07-01

  

  Conclusion The present study provides evidence to suggest that the ingestion of acetate as a way to augment cellular pools of acetyl-CoA and influence histone acetylation, does not replicate the epigenetic effects of the prebiotic B-GOS®. Furthermore, acetate feeding does not influence olanzapine

• sch23390 Under most circumstances NO is a potent

  2022-07-01

  

  Under most circumstances, NO is a potent endogenous vasodilator. Therefore, its involvement in an endothelium-dependent contraction seems paradoxical, to say the least. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the major downstream target of NO; its inhibition results in the lack of vasoconstrictor response

• br Acknowledgments This research was supported

  2022-07-01

  

  Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports by grants MSM LH11013 and Czech Grant Agency (501/12/0590). David Kopečný and Martina Kopečná were supported by the grant LO1204 from the National Program of Sustainability I by the Ministry of Educat

• For a long time the mechanism for the

  2022-07-01

  

  For a long time, the mechanism for the TG-lowering effect of nicotinic Azithromycin Dihydrate has been thought that the lowered NEFA substrate from adipose tissue limits TG production from the liver (so-called NEFA hypothesis) [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. However, recent emerging evidences have suggested t

• Milligan et al demonstrated the important role of TNF IL

  2022-07-01

  

  Milligan et al. [31] demonstrated the important role of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the development of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal injection of gp120. Because of this work, we decide to produce and purify gp120 to develop biological systems to study pain and behavior in rodents. Intr

• Extending the issue of the species differences the role of

  2022-07-01

  

  Extending the issue of the species differences, the role of neuroestradiol in the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge might be specific to primates or species with a luteal phase. For example, animals with a true luteal phase, such as monkeys and sheep, exhibit a long preovulatory GnRH surge, lasting well af

• Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce

  2022-07-01

  

  Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic neuronal damage in disorders of the CNS (Schwartz et al., 2003). EAATs are considered to contribute to prevention of excitotoxicity by glutamate uptake. Our data revealed that expression levels of membrane EAAT proteins in astrocytes are much

• The dorsal horn of the spinal cord shows a high

  2022-07-01

  

  The dorsal horn of the spinal cord shows a high density of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors, particularly in the superficial spinal laminae (laminae I and II), where primary afferents carrying nociceptive and thermoreceptive inputs terminate and synapse on spinal second-order neurons (Engelman et al.,

• br Ca influx through glutamate receptors is

  2022-07-01

  

  Ca2+ influx through glutamate receptors is thought to play a critical role in synaptogenesis and in the formation of neuronal circuitry during early development[45]. Because AMPA receptors might contribute to these processes, particularly at times and in cells in which NMDA receptor expression is

• Acarbose and voglibose the classic glucosidase inhibitors we

  2022-07-01

  

  Acarbose and voglibose, the classic α-glucosidase inhibitors, were clinically used to inhibit α-glucosidase activity for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the intake of these drugs may cause some undesirable gastrointestinal side effects and weight gain (Xu et al., 2015). The synthetic drug

• A key limiting factor in

  2022-07-01

  

  A key limiting factor in the semi-quantitative analysis of changes in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic distribution of glucokinase is the large intercellular heterogeneity of Concanamycin A of glucokinase in both isolated hepatocytes in vitro and also in liver in vivo[13], [23], [24], [26], [36]. This ne

• The Hedgehog Hh pathway is linked to

  2022-07-01

  

  The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is linked to the development of several types of epithelial cancers (Rubin and de Sauvage, 2006). A paracrine mechanism has been implicated in CAF activation, with Hh ligands secreted by cancer cells activating the glioma-associated transcription factors (Gli) in surroundin

• Amongst oxidants that we have studied PMS is

  2022-07-01

  

  Amongst oxidants that we have studied, PMS is unique in having a greater effect in deoxygenated cells. The resulting phenotype shows some similarities with the increased cation permeability shown by deoxygenated sickle GDC-0994 [27]. It is interesting to consider why PMS has this effect. PMS functi

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